Shipping Biological Materials
介绍
包装和运输生物材料涉及一定的风险和许多潜在的责任. 的 International Air Transport Association (IATA), Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR), 最新版, is the worldwide gold standard for shipping. 国际航空运输协会的规定适用于所有国内和国际航空运输. 通过遵循IATA DGR，您可以确保您的包裹也符合美国.美国交通部(DOT)对地面运输的要求. 这些代理的包装和运输的所有责任都交给了托运人. 的se include classification of shipment, proper packaging of shipment, proper marking and labeling of package, and proper documentation of shipment.
生物危险品的运输需要培训和认证 之前 航运. 托运人(发送包裹或签署空运单的人)必须接受培训。 和处理者(运输包裹的人)都是基于这些规定. 不遵守这些规定的部门可能会被罚款. 培训 for Shipping and Transport of Regulated Biological Materials 可通过花旗在线获得，必须每两年参加一次.
Note: Dry Ice is considered a Dangerous Good. 培训和认证是必需的，并且包装必须贴有相应的标签和运输!
服务 available
UI Biosafety provides the following services:
- Shipping consultation and assistance with packaging
- 生物材料分类、标签、评估和法规解释
- 至少在运输日期前一周联系生物安全官员，以获得运输包裹方面的帮助.
Classification of Shipment Type
装运的生物材料将属于下列五类之一:
Unregulated biological materials are not subject to IATA or DOT infectious substance shipping regulations; however, 这些材料可能需要许可证才能运到国外. 如果您对您的货物是否不受管制有任何疑问，请与UI生物安全公司联系. 不受管制的生物材料的一些例子包括:
- Substances which do not contain infectious agents, and which should not cause disease in humans or animals. 的se include non-infectious cells or 组织培养; blood, 等离子体, or sera from humans or animals not suspected of having an infectious disease; DNA, 核糖核酸, 或者其他本身不具有传染性的遗传因素.
- 对人、动物或植物没有致病性的微生物.
- 已被中和或灭活而不再具有传染性的物质.
- 不知道或被认为具有传染性的环境样本.
- A biological product such as an antibody or drug.
Infectious substance: 根据交通部和国际航空运输协会的说法，一种已知的含有病原体的材料. A pathogen is a microorganism (including bacteria, 病毒, rickettsiae, 寄生虫, 真菌)或其它能引起人类或动物疾病的病原体，如蛋白质感染性颗粒(朊病毒). Infectious substances are assigned to two categories.
Category A Infectious Substances: A类传染性物质是指能够引起人类或动物疾病的物质. A类感染性物质的正确装运名称是影响人类的感染性物质(UN2814), or Infectious Substance Affecting Animals (UN2900). 的se substances are classified as DOT hazard class 6.2(传染病). 如果您将运输A类感染性物质，请至少提前3周与生物安全官员联系.
Examples of Category A infectious substances are:
UN2814, Infectious Substance Affecting Humans
- Bacillus anthracis (cultures only)
- Brucella abortus (cultures only)
- Brucella melitensis (cultures only)
- Brucella suis (cultures only)
- 马尔氏伯克霍尔德菌-马尔氏假单胞菌-腺体(仅培养)
- 假杆菌伯克霍尔德氏菌-假单胞菌(仅培养)
- Chlamydia psittaci – avian strains (cultures only)
- Clostridium botulinum (cultures only)
- Coccidioides immitis (cultures only)
- Coxiella burnetii (cultures only)
- Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
- Dengue virus (cultures only)
- Eastern equine encephalitis virus (cultures only)
- Escherichia coli, verotoxigenic (cultures only)
- 埃博拉病毒
- Flexal病毒
- Francisella tularensis (cultures only)
- Guanarito病毒
- Hantaan病毒
- Hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
- 亨德拉病毒
- Hepatitis B virus (cultures only)
- Herpes B virus (cultures only)
- Human immunodeficiency virus (cultures only)
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (cultures only)
- Japanese Encephalitis virus (cultures only)
- 胡宁病毒
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- 拉沙病毒
- Machupo病毒
- 马尔堡病毒
- 猴痘病毒
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (cultures only)
- 尼帕病毒
- Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus
- Poliovirus (cultures only)
- Rabies virus (cultures only)
- Rickettsia prowazekii (cultures only)
- Rickettsia rickettsii (cultures only)
- Rift Valley fever virus (cultures only)
- 俄罗斯春夏脑炎病毒(仅培养物)
- 萨比亚病毒
- Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (cultures only)
- Tick-borne encephalitis virus (cultures only)
- 天花病毒
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (cultures only)
- West Nile virus (cultures only)
- Yellow fever virus (cultures only)
- Yersinia pestis (cultures only)
UN2900 Infectious Substances Affecting Animals:
- African swine fever virus (cultures only)
- 禽副粘病毒1型-新城疫病毒(仅培养物)
- Classical swine fever virus (cultures only)
- Foot and mouth disease virus (cultures only)
- Goatpox virus (cultures only)
- Lumpy skin disease virus (cultures only)
- 支原体-传染性牛胸膜肺炎(仅培养物)
- Peste des petits ruminants virus (cultures only)
- Rinderpest virus (cultures only)
- Sheep-pox virus (cultures only)
- Swine vesicular disease virus (cultures only)
- Vesicular stomatitis virus (cultures only)
Infectious substance: 根据交通部和国际航空运输协会的说法，一种已知的含有病原体的材料. A pathogen is a microorganism (including bacteria, 病毒, rickettsiae, 寄生虫, 真菌)或其它能引起人类或动物疾病的病原体，如蛋白质感染性颗粒(朊病毒). Infectious substances are assigned to two categories.
Category B Infectious Substances (UN 3373): 一种传染性物质，接触后一般不会对健康的人或动物造成永久性残疾或危及生命或致命的疾病. 乙类感染性物质是指具有传染性的物质, 但不符合A类感染性物质的定义. 的se include patient samples, 组织培养, and cells that are presumed to contain, or have a reasonable probability of containing, a pathogenic organism (e.g., blood known to contain HIV). 这些物质的适当装运名称是“生物物质，B类(UN3373)”。.
如果直接从患者身上采集的标本含有病原体的可能性很小，并且病史表明没有预先存在的病原体(例如.g.(艾滋病毒、乙型肝炎病毒). This determination is based on the known medical history, 症状, 以及来源动物或人类的个体情况.
转基因生物和转基因生物是通过重组DNA技术改变其遗传物质的生物体. 如果转基因生物是非传染性的，它被归类为DOT 9类(杂项)危害，并被分配到UN3245. If a GMO is potentially infectious, 它必须被指定为a类传染物(UN2814或UN2900), or Category B infectious agent (UN3373). If shipping outside the United States, 在进行任何具体的出口许可要求之前，请与研究管理办公室(ORA)出口管制部门联系，以获得协助.